Zolmitriptan

Zolmitriptan (brand name Zomig among others) is a prescription medication used for the acute treatment of migraine headaches in adults, both with and without aura. It belongs to a class of drugs called triptans, which work by narrowing blood vessels in the brain and blocking pain signals. Key Information Mechanism of Action: Migraine symptoms are thought to be caused by the widening of blood vessels in the head. Zolmitriptan stimulates specific serotonin (5-HT1B/1D) receptors, causing these blood vessels to constrict and reducing associated symptoms like pain, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Forms and Administration: It is available as standard oral tablets, orally disintegrating tablets (melts), and a nasal spray. The orally disintegrating tablets and nasal spray are particularly helpful for patients who experience nausea and vomiting with their migraines, as they do not require water for swallowing and are absorbed more quickly. Usage: Zolmitriptan should be taken as soon as a migraine headache starts, or anytime during the attack; it is not for preventing migraines from occurring. Dosage: The usual starting dose for an adult is 2.5 mg. A second dose may be taken if the migraine is still present or returns, but only after at least two hours have passed since the first dose. The total dose should not exceed 10 mg in any 24-hour period. Prescription Only: Zolmitriptan is a prescription-only medication and requires a healthcare professional’s consultation to ensure it is the right treatment. Important Precautions and Warnings You should not use zolmitriptan if you have: Uncontrolled high blood pressure. A history of heart problems, including heart attack, angina (chest pain), or ischemic heart disease. A history of stroke or “mini-stroke” (transient ischemic attack or TIA). Certain types of abnormal heart rhythms (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome). Severe liver problems (a lower maximum dose of 5 mg in 24 hours may be recommended). Discuss your risk factors for heart disease with your doctor before taking zolmitriptan, especially if you are a smoker, have high cholesterol, diabetes, or a family history of heart disease. Potential Side Effects Common side effects are usually mild and temporary, and may include: Tingling sensations, warmth, or coldness. Drowsiness, dizziness, or a feeling of weakness. Heaviness, tightness, or pressure in the chest, throat, neck, or limbs. (If this pain is severe or continues, seek emergency medical help immediately, as it could indicate a serious heart event). Nausea or dry mouth. A rare but serious condition called serotonin syndrome can occur if zolmitriptan is used with certain antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs). Always read the patient information leaflet provided with your medication for a complete list of warnings, precautions, and potential side effects.